Summary: Presence of PRC in Combined BESS Supply Chain.................................. 43 Supply Chain Analysis Challenges: Commonality and Sources................................. 43 Threats, Vulnerability, and Attack Exposure for BESS............................................................ 46
In conclusion, a storage technology review was conducted by analysing several storage technologies suited for grid-scale applications, load shifting and energy arbitrage.
The report provides current and future projections of cost, performance characteristics, and locational availability of specific commercial technologies already deployed, including lithium-ion battery systems and pumped-storage hydropower.
The analysis was done for energy storage systems (ESS) across various power levels and energy-to-power (E/P) ratios. The power levels and durations for each technology were selected based on availability.
A limited amount of bulk energy storage, mainly in the form of pumped hydroelectric storage, has long played a role in the United States electric power grid, and storage continues to grow in importance as a component of the electric power infrastructure.
The foundation of our analysis comes from the EIA 860M form, which requires developers to report all newly constructed power projects that are 1 MW or larger, as well as projects expected to come online within the next 12 months.
The objectives of this report are to define and compare energy storage technology costs and to evaluate these technologies across a variety of performance parameters.
From the 2018 South Australia (SA) event final report, the large-scale battery storage was valuable in this event as it assisted to mitigate the initial decline in system frequency.
Figure 1 depicts the various components that go into building a battery energy storage system (BESS) that can be a stand-alone ESS or can also use harvested energy from renewable energy sources for charging.
