Major projects reliant on electric energy support, such as manned spaceflight, ocean exploration, and polar development, will encounter extreme environmental challenges. The most representative scenarios, including deep space, deep sea, deep earth, and polar regions, will be systematically discussed
The interaction of multiple environmental factors under complex working conditions leads to multifaceted failures that significantly compromise the performance of electrochemical energy storage systems (EESSs).
In this review, we first summarize the key scientific points (such as electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, and mechanical design) for electrochemical ESSs under extreme conditions, along with the scientific directions to maintain satisfactory performance.
The first chapter provides in-depth knowledge about the current energy-use landscape, the need for renewable energy, energy storage mechanisms, and electrochemical charge-storage processes.
The broad applications of energy storage systems have brought improving demands for stable electrodes with robust tolerance to extreme environmental challenges.
The storage of electrical energy in a rechargeable battery is subject to the limitations of reversible chemical reactions in an electrochemical cell. The limiting constraints on the design of a rechargeable battery also depend on the application of the battery.
Herein, we mainly focus on the EES devices under particular service environments. On the one hand, we present a comprehensive analysis into the inherent effects of external service environments on electrochemical behaviors of
The present work was focused on the life cycle environmental impacts of typical electrochemical, mechanical, and electrical ESSs, in which the footprint of manufacturing materials and operational energy consumption were traced.
To support this next-generation technology area, NREL researchers are leading materials discovery and characterization efforts to evaluate the impacts of interface, chemical, electrochemical, and mechanical factors on solid-state battery systems.
