Compared with other ways to store electricity, FES systems have long lifetimes (lasting decades with little or no maintenance; full-cycle lifetimes quoted for flywheels range from in excess of 10 , up to 10 , cycles of use), high (100–130 W·h/kg, or 360–500 kJ/kg), and large maximum power output. The (ratio of energy out per energy in) of flywheels, also known as round-trip efficiency, can be as high as 90%. Typical capacities range from 3 to 13.
The main weaknesses of flywheel energy storage aren't engineering failures - they're fundamental physics challenges. Take energy density: even top-tier systems store about 100 Wh/kg, while lithium-ion batteries clock in at 250 Wh/kg. That's like comparing a Vespa to a Ducati in storage terms.
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